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BS4994 (formally: 4994:1987) is the 'specification for the design and construction of vessels and in '. Airxonix Game Full Version there. It specifies a code of practice for use by manufacturers of such containers. With the publication of BS EN 13121-3, BS 4994:1987 Specification for design and construction of vessels and tanks in reinforced plastics is declared obsolescent, which will still cover those tanks still in service as tanks made from GRP are generally accepted to have a long working life. Dual laminate construction, simple FRP with glass mats, or a combination of unidirectional filament winding are common. DUAL LAMINATE: A lining material, preferably 3mm to 5mm thick sheet functions as a corrosion barrier.

This thermoplastic liner is not considered to contribute mechanical strength. FRP which is constructed over this lining provides the strength requirements for materials to withstand design conditions like pressure, vacuum, hydrostatic load, etc. The choice of thermoplastic is based on the chemical corrosion requirement of the equipment.,,,,, are used as common thermoplastic liners. FRP (GRP): Glass mats in the form of chopped strand mat and woven roving is most common in hand lay-up method.

These mats are laid on the mold and impregnated with 'initiated' resins like polyester, epoxy, vinyl ester, bisphenol epoxy vinyl ester, etc. The choice of resin is based on the chemical corrosion requirement of the equipment. An earlier version of the specification was BS 4994:1973.

NEW LOAD UNITS: It is to avoid the uncertainty associated with specifying the thickness alone, that BS4994 introduced the concept of 'unit properties'. It is property per unit width, per unit mass of reinforcement. For example, UNIT STRENGTH is defined as load in Newtons per millimeter (of laminate width) for a layer consisting of 1 kg of glass per square meter, i.e., the unit is N/mm per kg/m2 glass. This standard still remains as most popular reference material for Further reading [ ] • BS 4994:1987 – Specification for design and construction of vessels and tanks in reinforced plastics. British Standards.

ESR Technology. Archived from on 2007-05-12. — a case study of the design process of a cylindrical vessel, using the BS 4994 methodology • • See also [ ] •.

Catalog:Section one. Definitions 3.

Nomenclature 4. Information & requirements to be agreed/documented 5. Categories of vessels and tanks Section two. Materials and design loadings 6. Construction of chemical barrier 8.

Flammability 9. Allowable and design unit loadings Section three. Design basis 12. Design details 13. Laminate design and thickness 14. Cylindrical and spherical shells 15. Shells subjected to wind loading 16.

Rectangular tanks 17. Flat panels 18. Circumferential seams 20.

Openings, branches and compensation 21. Bolted flanged circular connections 22. Structures and fittings 24. Local load analysis Section four.

Construction and workmanship 25. Approval of design and construction details 26.

Conditions in works 27. Manufacturing procedure 28. Constructional details 29.

Tolerances Section five. Inspection and tests 31. Inspection and test requirements 32. Certificate of inspection and testing 33. Principle stages of inspection 34. Welding procedure and welder approval tests for thermoplastics linings 35. Production weld tests for thermoplastics linings 36.

Laminating procedures and approval of operators 37. Production samples for mechanical tests on laminates 38. Prototype testing 39. Testing after completion of fabrication 40.

Marking Section six. Preparation for shipment 42.

Transportation 44. Temporary storage 45. Installation 46.

Support of associated pipework Appendices A. General information on the materials used for reinforced plastics construction B. Methods of test C.

Effects of materials on water quality D. Worked examples of the design calculations specified in sections two and three E. Selection procedure for factor k2 F. Design calculation for tank and vessel anchorage G. Stresses from local loads, etc.: recommended methods of calculation H. Recommended supports for vertical vessels and tanks J.